Passio Sancti Kanuti Regis et MartirisMartyris

Passion of Saint Kanute, King and Martyr

VI. Idus mensis IulijIulii [July 10]

[Sections: I - II - III - IV - V - VI - VII - VIII - IX]

A short narrative about the death of Kanute IV, "king and martyr," written most likely in the late 11th century, soon after Kanute's death in 1086. The text is anonymous; it is possible that the author was from England (cf. Aelnoth).

I. Licet per totius orbis ecclesias conueniat omni populo christiano festa sanctorum celebrare, uictorias martirum laudare uitamque istorum imitari, in singulis tamen locis propter familiaritatem cohabitantium et propter sanctarum presentiampraesentiam reliquiarum, quequae in solacium istis uel illis habitatoribus condonatecondonatae sunt, ueneratione (inquam) speciali apud ciues populosue suos digni habentur atque honorantur.

I. Although it is fitting for the Christian people in churches throughout the world to celebrate the feasts of the saints, to praise the victories of the martyrs, and to imitate their lives, yet in individual places — on account of their intimate acquaintance with those who lived with them, and on account of the presence of the holy relics which have been bestowed upon the local populations for their comfort — they are held worthy of special veneration and enjoy honor among their own citizens and people.

Omnium ergo uirtutum opifice spiritu sancto aspirante nunc de sancti Kanuti regis ac martirismartyris tractaturi passione ammonemusadmonemus uel obsecramus uos, qui hechaec audituri estis, ut intento corde consideretis, quanti sit apud deum iusticiamiustitiam ceterasque uirtutes diligere ac pro hijshis atque celestibuscaelestibus earum premiispraemiis huius mundi uitam contempnerecontemnere et abnegando semetipsum felicia crucis Christi sequi uestigia.

Therefore, as I am now going to discuss the passion of the holy Kanute, both king and martyr, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit who is the maker of all virtues, I warn or rather beseech you who are going to hear this to consider with an attentive heart how precious it is in God's eyes to love justice and the other virtues, to despise the life of this world for the sake of them and the heavenly rewards they bring, and by denying oneself, to follow the blessed track of Christ's cross.

II. Stirpe igitur regali et ultra istius gentis naturam uel consuetudinem in christiana religione preclarapraeclara editus Kanutus puerulus et inter ipsos pueritiepueritiae flores pedagogispaedagogis traditus, ut pote ad huius regni gubernacula erudiendus, incredibile dictu, quantum subito proficeret, ni fallor, ob merita pii ac religiosi parentis, [et] felicis memoriememoriae Suenonis regis, aut certe gratia spiritus sancti, quemadmodum postea comprobatur, attractus. Nam creuit in eo morum prudentia cum iuuentutis gratia, adeo quod, ipsis principalibus quatuorquattuor uirtutibus ad normam illustrium uirorum conquadratus, jamiam prope ruinam uitaret insanieinsaniae uel stultitiestultitiae aut defectum contempneretcontemneret ignauieignauiae.

Kanute was born of a royal lineage, one distinguished in the Christian religion beyond the nature and custom of that people. As a young boy, and among the very flowers of childhood, he was handed over to pedagogues, since he was to be instructed for the sake of ruling over this kingdom — it is amazing to say how quickly he progressed, drawn to do so, if I am not mistaken, on account of the merits of his pious and devout parent, King Sven of blessed memory, or certainly by the grace of the Holy Spirit, as is proved afterwards. For there grew in him a wisdom of character along with the grace of youth, to the extent that, as he was well equipped with the four principal virtues themselves in keeping with the standard of famous men, he then more or less avoided the catastrophe of insanity or foolishness, or despised the weakness of laziness.

Totius ergo inuentor uel auctor malitiemalitiae diabolus, quasi iam tunc expauescens, quod ei deberet multos tandem subtrahere et hinc fraudes ac spurcitias uel immunditias hominum atque malignorum spirituum eliminare aut saltem compescere Kanutus diu superuiuens ac, ut cepitcoepit, in uirtutibus sedulo accrescens, non tantum corda quorundam huius terreterrae principum uerum etiam fratrum suorum iniusti ac mali timoris inuidieinuidiaeque iaculis perculit in tantum, quod huic denegarent iura super se regnandi, ne propter ipsius probitatem iudicarentur uelut ignobiles aut reprobi.

Therefore, the inventor or creator of all wickedness, the devil — as though he was already at that time frightened, because Knut, if he survived for a long time and diligently grew in the virtues as he began, was destined to take many men away from him and hence destroy, or at least restrain, the deceits and filth or foulness of human beings and malignant spirits — he struck the hearts not only of certain leaders of this land, but also those of his own brothers, with darts of unjust and evil fear and jealousy, to the extent that they denied to this man the right to rule over them, lest they be judged themselves as ignoble and wicked, on account of his honesty.

III. Quid igitur? Vt fratres Joseph, expulerunt hunc in exilium in partes Suethorum, quem preconiopraeconio uirtutum deberent extollere ad celumcaelum. Ipse autem prudens uelut Jacob consilio RebecceRebeccae, id est rationabilis pacientiepatientiae, utiliter et innocenter fratribus cessit, usque dum uirtus diuina eum in pace reduxit.

What then? Like the brothers of Joseph, they pushed into exile among the Swedes this man whom they ought to have raised up to the heavens by proclaiming his virtues. He himself, however, being wise as Jacob with the counsel of Rebecca, that is, rational patience, yielded to his brothers, beneficially and usefully, until the power of God brought him back in peace.

Itaque dei suffragio rex et gubernator huic populo electus atque constitutus, tamquam Dauid in domino confidens et suesuae spei anchoramancoram in celestibuscaelestibus figens, per bona huius labentis uiteuitae opera ad portum salutis deo gubernante inter uarias mundi procellas lata extendebat uelamina. Sustentabat inopes ac refouebat flebiles, quatenus summesummae dignitatis et gloriegloriae perennis aliquam sortem perciperet inter supernos locatus proceres.

And so, being chosen and installed as king and ruler for this nation by God's vote of support, he trusted in the Lord, like King David, and fixed the anchor of his hope in heavenly things, and by means of good works in this transitory life he spread out his sails wide to travel toward the port of salvation, with God as his steersman, through the various storms of the world. He sustained the poor and revived the weeping, so that, placed among the heavenly princes, he might receive a certain share of the highest dignity and eternal glory.

Pontifices autem et doctores uiteuitae huius uitalis, episcopos uidelicet et presbiterospresbyteros, diuinis intentos officiis, rebus preprae ceteris amabat et consolationibus auxiliisque ac donis erigebat, et, quo liberius uel libentius ad meliora proficerent, bonis eos promissis blande ac deuotissime confortabat; insuper etiam ecclesias uel congregationes sanctorum frequentans sedulo corde oreque reuerenti, uotis muneribusque pretiosis eas ditauit atque honorauit, sicut Roschelde, Dalboi, Lunde apud sanctum Laurentium precipuepraecipue apparet, cuius ecclesieecclesiae constructor, pater ac cultor extititexstitit, quatenus illic et istic bonitatis ac sanctesanctae religionis eius memoria cum benedictione sanctorum in seculasaecula seculorumsaeculorum maneret.

The pontiffs and teachers of this living life, moreover, who are engaged in the divine service — the bishops, that is, and priests — he loved above all things, and he built them up with consolations, assistance, and gifts; and in order that they might advance toward better things more freely and gladly, he strengthened them pleasantly and most devotedly with the promise of good things. Not only so, but he also visited the churches and congregations with a diligent heart and pious words, and enriched and honored them with offerings and generous donations — as can be seen especially at Roskilde, Dalby and Lund, where St. Laurence is honored — for which church he served as builder, father, and worshipper, so that in both places the memory of his goodness and holy devotion would remain, with the blessing of the saints, for ever and ever.

IV. Interea quoque iam prorsus peruersa ac inania quequequaeque sicuti hostis antiqui deliramenta respuens deumque per omnia saluatorem diligens gentem istam, adhuc in moribus bonis ac deo placitis parum eruditam uel in sacris uirtutibus exercitatam, proposuit in primis amicabiliter paterneque rogare, ammonereadmonere atque per se et episcopos ac prelatospraelatos instruere, ut deo suorum bonorum primitias uel decimas secundum legem dei uoueret necnon persolueret christianorumque religionem utilius et honestius quam hactenus ob salutem animarum suarum seruaret.

IV. Meanwhile also right at that same moment, since he rejected all perversity and silliness as the mad ravings of the ancient Enemy, but loved God his Savior in all things, he made it his primary task to ask (in a friendly and paternal way), to admonish, and to instruct (in his own person and through the bishops and other clergy) that nation, which was still not very well trained in good habits and in things pleasing to God, to promise and indeed pay firstfruits or tithes of their goods to God, and to observe the Christian religion more beneficially and honorably than they had up until that point, for the salvation of their souls.

At cum tali moderamine exiguum proficeret, ac gens insipiens, nec tartara timens nec celestiacaelestia querensquaerens, terrenis desideriis, quequae militant aduersus animam, nimis adhaereret aut in deterius animum reclinaret, rex dei zelo permotus adiecit maiores ex eis regaliter ac potenter deterrere atque de iure suo aliqua eis subtrahere; interdum etiam aïorumhagiorum uel sanctorum auctoritate compellere, ut deo et sanctis obedirentoboedirent, iusta honestaque delectationibus transitoriis preponerentpraeponerent, nullos fideles christianos quasi aduenas et peregrinos despicerent, sed tamquam ciues sanctorum et domesticos dei, ut pote in Christo fratres, haberent, ac sic glutine caritatis coalentes seseque inuicem subportantes uel adiuuantes quandoque certius ad patriam celestemcaelestem peruenirent.

But he made little progress by this kind of management, and the foolish people, neither fearing Hell nor seeking Heaven, were clinging too much to earthly desires, which fight against the soul, or were even letting their hearts fall into worse inclinations. So, the king, stirred up by zeal for God, went further, so as to strike fear into the hearts of the greater ones among them, regally and powerfully, and to take away some things from them by virtue of his own right, and sometimes also to compel them, by the authority of the holy ones and the saints, to submit to God and the saints, to place righteousness and nobility ahead of transitory delights, not to disdain any faithful Christians as immigrants and foreigners, but rather to hold them as fellow-citizens of the saints and members of God's household, inasmuch as they are brothers in Christ — and thus, uniting in the bond of love, supporting or aiding one another mutually, to arrive one day with more certainty at their heavenly homeland.

O virum omni laude prosequendum, qui noluit solus hic ualere aut etiam in celocaelo regnare, sed multos ad Christi palaciumpalatium secum trahere! Sciebat quippe, quod diligentibus deum et in deo proximum cuncta cooperantur ac proueniunt in bonum, sicut testatur et ipse dominus noster IhesusIesus Christus.

What a man — who should be showered with all kinds of praise! He alone was unwilling to have power here on earth, or even to reign in heaven, without drawing many to Christ's palace along with him. Indeed, he knew that all things work together and advance toward the good, for those who love God and in God their neighbor, as also our Lord Jesus Christ testifies.

V. HijsHis uero ita dispositis cum huius regni melioribus, fide ac uirtute ualentioribus, tractare cepitcoepit, quanam rationali occasione hanc plebeiam multitudinem honestis laboribus erudire posset, ut tandem aliquando pia saperet infernaliaque intelligeretintellegeret, quo cautius nouissima hominis prouideret.

After these arrangements had been made, he began to deliberate with the better ones of this kingdom, the ones who were stronger in faith and virtue, what reasonable opportunity he might take to educate this multitude of common people for honorable works, so that they might at some point finally have wisdom and piety, and understand also the infernal things, so as to make more cautious provision for the final end of a human being.

Denique inuentum ac cito consultum, ex preceptopraecepto regis et principum diligenter diuulgando ad Anglos transmeandum, ut eorum generationem per militum uirtutes de graui iugo seruitutis indigneindignae absolueret aut scilicet militum istorum animos uigiliis, solicitudinibus, fame, siti, gelu uel aliis laboribus redderet exercitatos et eruditos, ne ut ad id temporis leuiter quasi ex lasciuia et adipe iniquitas eorum prodiret et in affectum cordis transirent.

Finally, it was contrived and quickly determined that — in accordance with the command of the king and the leaders that was to be diligently promulgated — a crossing to England should be made, so that through the soldiers' virtues he might free their generation from the heavy yoke of unworthy servitude. Or the intention might have been to render the spirits of those very soldiers exercised and trained by watches, cares, hunger, thirst, cold, or other toils — so that their iniquity would not proceed lightly as it were from wantonness and fat, as was indeed the case at that time, nor would they pass into the affection of the heart.

Ast alii hechaec longe aliter, ut multa regis consilia uel beneficia, animaduertentes aut eius honori et egregieegregiae uirtuti liuida et serpentina mente obstantes et idcirco multos, ne irent ad Anglos, impedire cupientes etiam fratrem ipsius Olauum aduersus eum clanculum excitauerunt; qui si perfecte ac uere saperet atque cognosceret, quam bonum et quam iocuncumiucundum habitare fratres in unum, pro uirtuoso germanoque principe potius animam poneret, ne aliud proferam, quam tali uiro uel leui uerbo umquam resisteret aut sine ipso regnare hic desideraret.

But others felt quite differently about these things, as they did about many of the king's counsels or benefactions; or they stood in opposition to his honor and distinguished virtue, with their spiteful, serpentine minds. And so, wishing to hinder many people from crossing to England, they even secretly incited his own brother Olaf against him: If he were perfectly and truly wise, and recognized how good and how pleasant it is for brothers to dwell together [Ps. 133 / 132:1], he would have laid down his life (not to mention anything else) for the virtuous leader, his own brother, rather than ever resist such a man even with a trivial word, or desire to rule here without that man himself.

Rex autem prudens hechaec sine mora comperiens et non tam sibimet quam fratris errori consulere intendens misit eum caute in Flandriam, ne incepti mali consilii super se regnandi incurreret infamiam. 'Spiritualis autem iudicat omnia, et ipse a nemine iudicatur'; et in hoc est prestantiorpraestantior ceteris animalibus. Unde et Dauid dicit: 'Homo cum in honore esset, non intellexit: comparatus est iumentis insipientibus, et similis factus est illis.'

The prudent king, however, discovered this without delay and, wishing to be mindful not so much of himself as of his brother's straying, sent him carefully into Flanders, so that he would not incur the infamy of the evil plan of trying to rule over him. But "the spiritual man judges all things, and he himself is judged by no one" [1 Cor 2:15]; and in this he surpasses all living things. Hence also David declared: "When a man was in honor, he did not understand; he was compared to the foolish beasts of burden, and was made like them" [Ps. 49 / 48:13].

VI. Pro hijshis itaque et huiusmodi gestis ac maxime propter amorem iustitieiustitiae et religionis sanctesanctae diu ab incolis terreterrae elatis mente persecutiones ac regni detrimenta patienter sustinuit. Ad ultimum uero penepaene omnibus contra dominum et christum eius conspirantibus a parte aquilonari, quequae appellatur Wendele, aperta est contradictio, manifestaque repugnaciorepugnatio uidetur oriri tamquam turbo inuoluens; et sic per partes Iutensium seuiendosaeuiendo et eos ad eundem furorem prouocando, cottidie plura congregans arma, ad ciuitatem, quequae uocatur Sclesuuic, fremens ac frendens sancti regis insequitur uestigia.

And so, for these actions and others like them, and especially on account of his love for righteousness and holy religion, he patiently endured persecutions and damage to his kingdom from the inhabitants of the land who were puffed up in their minds. In the end, with almost all conspiring against the Lord and his Christ [cf. Ps. 2.2], rebellion first broke out in the northern area, which is called Wendele, and open resistance was seen to arise like a swirling whirlwind. And thus it raged throughout Jutland, rousing all the inhabitants to the same frenzy; every day it gathered more weapons, and as it roared and gnashed its teeth, it pursued the sacred king's track to the city which is called Schleswig.

Rex ergo tunc cernens, quod eos sedare nequisset honesta ratione, immo de Iutensibus fugere compulsus, ad Vionenses transiuit, in quibus magis auxilium sperauit. Quo cum peruenisset, hinc indeque a persecutoribus uel regis insidiatoribus directi conuenere legati, precipiendopraecipiendo istis precipientespraecipientes, ut regem tyrannum interficerent, si regionem suam incendi aut deuastari noluissent. At illi plus homines quam deum timentes uel attendentes nec regem, ut decuit, honorificantes [sed] feroci animo cum gladiis, fustibus et aliis armis ad curiam eius conuenerunt.

Then the king, therefore, seeing that he was not able to calm them down by honorable reasoning, but instead being compelled to flee from Jutland, crossed over to the Vionians, among whom he hoped for greater support. When he had arrived there, envoys sent by the persecutors, or plotters against the king, came together from here and there, vehemently urging the people there to slay the "tyrant king" if they did not want their territory to be burned and laid waste. But those men, fearing or attending to men rather than God, and not honoring the king as they ought, came together with a savage spirit, armed with swords, clubs, and other weapons to his court.

Denique ipsius fratre Benedicto et admodum paucis, sanctesanctae fidei et caritatis constantia confortatis, secum remanentibus, in tam crudelibus et inopinatis suorum tribulationibus rex Kanutus ualde pius, sanctorum exemplis instructus, ad ecclesiam sanctissimesanctissimae uirginis MarieMariae et beati martirismartyris Albani animum iterque direxit, frequenter quidem ieiuniis orationibusque sacris conuenienter ac tum precipuepraecipue intentus, sicuti cupiens iamiamque sibi preprae ceteris dilecti martirismartyris Albani et per ipsum de partibus Anglorum huc aduecti consortium aliorumque proprio pio uel sacro sanguine laureatorum, Christo principe martirummartyrum fauente, promereri.

In the end, only his brother Benedict and a very few others, strengthened by the steadfastness of their sacred faith and love, remained with him in the midst of such cruel and unexpected troubles for his own people. King Kanute, in his great piety, instructed by the examples of the saints, directed his mind and his path to the church of the most holy Virgin Mary and the blessed martyr Alban: focused on fasting and sacred prayers frequently, fittingly, and most especially at that final hour, as though he was desiring for himself above all others right at that moment to merit a commonality with the beloved martyr Alban, who had been brought there by him from England, and with the others who had been crowned with their own pious, holy blood — with the favor of Christ, the chief of martyrs.

VII. Verumtamen adhuc uolens plebem nimis temerariam et insipientem corrigere aut sedare uades et fideiussores ad omnem iustitiam subiectis impendendam prebuitpraebuit nec non, ne aliquis innocens propter ipsum periret, iusiurandum adhibuit. Ast uulgus ratione carens et insolens nec humani generis calamitatem attendens tunc cepitcoepit magis mente insana furere, temptans omnimodis sacras edesaedes sanctorum et ecclesiam domini confringere aut saltem per fomenta ignis corrumpere.

Since, nevertheless, he still was still wishing to reform or calm down the too reckless and foolish common people, he supplied sureties and guarantors for the sake of applying justice in all things to his subjects, and furthermore he took an oath that no one who was innocent would perish on his account. But the crowd, being unreasonable and arrogant, and not attending to the calamity of the human race, then began to rave even more, their minds going insane.

Quid multa? Dux et gloria Danorum, optans per martiriummartyrium mutuare certum ac stabile regnum, gloriam huius mundi transitoriam flocci pendens, arma seculariasaecularia deponit, ne cum ipsis periret, si corpus corruptibile plus quam animam diligeret; confessionem etiam pro erratibus ac delictis iterauit, fructus penitentiepaenitentiae dignos adauxit, dominici corporis sacramentum ad eterneaeternae salutis incrementum cum reuerenti deuotione accepit, et sese suosque celorumcaelorum rectori gratia bonebonae spei commisit.

What more need be said? The leader and the glory of the Danes, wishing to obtain through martyrdom a fixed and stable kingdom, deeming the glory of this transitory world worth but little, set aside worldly weapons, so that he might not die with them, if he loved the corruptible body more than the spirit; he repeated his confession of his sins and offenses; he cultivated the worthy fruits of repentance; he received the sacrament of the Lord's body for the increase of eternal salvation with reverent devotion; and he committed himself and his men to the ruler of heaven by the grace of good hope.

Nec mora: Vndique plebis agmina per fenestras aliasque aperturas lapides ad regem proiciunt et iacula, donec unus de sacrilegis religiosum regem perfodit lancea. Nam crucis in modum manibus expansis ad altare sancti Albani martirismartyris transfixus est in latere cuspidis mucrone. Itaque VI. Idus mensis IulijIulii sic occubuit pie secus aram Christi fuso sanguine, domino nostro IhesuIesu Christo regnante et adiuuante: cui est honor et gloria in seculasaecula seculorumsaeculorum, amen.

Without delay, from all sides the companies of common people threw stones and javelins through the windows and other openings at the king, until one of the sacrilegious crowd pierced the pious king with a spear. For with his hands spread out in the form of the cross, at the altar of St. Alban the martyr, he was transfixed in the side by the tip of the spear. And so, on the 6th day before the Ides of July, he met his death piously in front of the altar, with the blood of Christ having been poured out, with our Lord Jesus Christ reigning and assisting, to whom is the honor and glory forever and ever. Amen.

VIII. Sed quia nec in libris ecclesiasticis legitur nec uulgo refertur, quod aliquis rex in edibusaedibus sacris et a militibus suis tam crudeliter tamque miserabiliter interfectus sit, arbitramur, uel experimento intelligimusintellegimus, deum omnipotentem ob id ualde commotum esse ut despectum, in cuius basilica, quasi principis summi aula, refugium ac tutamen quesiuitquaesiuit, ut decuit.

But because it is reported neither in the ecclesiastical books, nor by the common people, that any king was ever so cruelly and so miserably killed in a holy temple by his own soldiers, I think — or rather, I understand from experience — that God Almighty was very much moved on account of this, as having been shown disrespect, since it was in his church, as though in the court of the highest ruler, he sought refuge and protection, as was suitable.

Idcirco uindicta dei, correctionis gratia ilico subsecuta, totam fere Daciam pluialipluuiali tempestate, ferali pestilenciapestilentia, fame et alimentorum inopia tam diu perturbauit, donec per multas uisiones ac reuelationes pluribus est ostensum, quod eius corpusculum misere deiectum et hactenus iacens despectum deberet inde eleuari et amplius inter sanctos reuerenter honorari.

Therefore the vengeance of God followed immediately, for the sake of correction: it troubled nearly all of Dacia [= Denmark] with rainy tempests, savage pestilence, famine, and scarcity of food for such a long time, until it was revealed to quite a few people, through many visions and revelations, that his poor body, miserably cast out and still lying there despised, ought to be lifted up from there and honored reverently from then on among the saints.

Quid multa? HijsHis mox diuulgatis Iutenses cum episcopis et sacerdotibus admodum religiosis ad nos fide bona et deuotione uenerunt, consilium una nobiscum inierunt, et in eo decreuerunt, ut ossa regis et martirismartyris cum digno honore eleuari debuerunt.

What more need be said? Soon, after all this was made known, the people of Jutland came to us with very religious bishops and priests, in a spirit of good faith and piety; they took counsel with us, and decided that the bones of the king and martyr ought to be taken up with suitable honors.

IX. Tum, indicto triduano ieiunio peractoque cum orationibus, elemosiniseleemosynis et ymnishymnis et spiritualibus canticis, corpus regis iam sacratum de puluere terreno est eleuatum; et deus omnipotens et misericors tria in eo magna declarare dignatus est miracula, quatenus hebetes istorum mentes ad penitentiampaenitentiam reuocaret uel ad sanctam religionem incitaret.

Then, after a three-day fast was announced and carried out, with prayers, charity, and hymns, the king's body, already consecrated, was lifted up from the earthly dust; and God the almighty and merciful deigned to proclaim three great miracles with it, so as to call back the dull minds of those men to repentance, or inspire them toward holy religion.

Nam ad suggestionem uel petitionem multorum, ne mens dubitando tabesceret insipidorum, super sancta eius ossa quatuorquattuor uicibus ignem nimis ardentem misimus, qui in momento, quasi aqua infunderetur, extinctusexstinctus, nichilnihil molestiemolestiae inferens nec aliquid ledenslaedens, nusquam comparuit.

For (1) at the suggestion or request of many people — in order that the minds of the foolish would not waste away with doubt — we threw vehemently burning fire over his holy bones four times: this was extinguished in a moment, as though water had been poured out on it, and then disappeared, without causing any trouble or damage at all.

Aliud quoque in Olauo, fratre atque successore huius in regni dignitate, notandum contigit: quia, quando erat regis et martirismartyris Kanuti depositio, accidit Olaui tunc exulis ac positi in Flandria in uinculis liberatio et hic ad regnum exaltatio, et nunc deo disponente, facta beati Kanuti martirismartyris translatione exaltationis, euenit huius Olaui depositio terreneterrenae dignitatis.

(2) Another thing of note took place in regard to Olaf, his brother and successor in the rank of kingship: When Kanute, king and martyr, was laid to rest (deposition), Olaf, at that time an exile in chains in Flanders, was freed, and then raised up (exaltation) here to the kingship — and now, in God's providence, when the blessed martyr Kanute was translated and raised up (exaltation), there occurred this Olaf's deposition from earthly honors.

TerciumTertium uero in VI. feria ante Kanuti translationem, omnibus apud nos bonis in oratione et ieiunio persistentibus, magna tempestas pluuiepluuiae fluit adeo etiam in nocte sequenti, quod nos multum conturbauit, et in sabatosabbato quoque tenebretenebrae uel obscuritates magnemagnae usque in horam terciamtertiam sunt factefactae; sed postquam sepulchrum eius discooperuimus et reliquias sanctas repperimus, statim magna luce et aeris serenitate omnipotens deus ad laudem ipsius ut meriti beati Kanuti regis et martirismartyris quibusdam signis nos letificauitlaetificauit et ineffabilem misericordiam, qua et indignos uocat ad penitentiampaenitentiam, multis ostendit; quam ipse precibus eius nobis prestarepraestare dignetur in perpetuum, qui uiuit et regnat cum filio suo in unitate spiritus sancti, deus per omnia seculasaecula seculorumsaeculorum, amen.

(3) Third: on the Friday before Kanute's translation, while all the good people with us persevered in prayer and fasting, a great tempest of rain poured down, and also during the following night — this disturbed us greatly — and on the Saturday also, there was great darkness and gloom until the third hour; but after we uncovered his tomb and discovered the sacred relics, there was great light and a clear sky, as Almighty God gave us joy by certain signs to promote the praise of the blessed Kanute, king and martyr, for his merits, and he showed many people indescribable mercy, by which he calls even the unworthy to repentance. May he himself deign to supply us (through his intercession) with this [repentance] in perpetuity — God who lives and reigns with his Son in the unity of the Holy Spirit, forever and ever. Amen.