document.write('<p><strong>GEOL-101 Phys & Environ Geology (4 Credits)</strong><br/>(PN) Introduction to the science of the Earth and our environment through topics of Earth materials and cycles, natural resources, tectonic processes, hydrologic systems, volcanic systems, earthquakes, paleoclimatology, and geologic time. Additional themes include anthropogenic impacts on our environment, environmental hazards, natural resources, and environmental justice. Includes a weekly 2-hour lab that integrates experiential exercises, technology applications, collections of the Fryxell Geology Museum, and local field trips. Gateway course to the Geology major.   GEOL-101L for this class is not required if taken during J Term.</p><p><strong>GEOL-101L Lab for 101 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-104 Gemology (4 Credits)</strong><br/>(PN) Introduction to the mineralogy and economics of gemstones. We we will focus on the nearly $300-billion-dollar-a-year global jewelry market by studying a few of the important gemstones, e.g., diamond, emerald, ruby, sapphire, garnet -- from their geologic formation, through exploration, mining, and cut-polish-processing, all the way to the jewelry store. You will learn non-destructive optical, spectroscopic and density methods to identify natural &amp; synthetic gemstones. Includes a weekly 2-hour lab focusing on gemstone identification and on analysus of specimens from the Fryxell Geology Museum collections.  GEOL-104L for this class is not required if taken during J Term.</p><p><strong>GEOL-104L Lab for 104 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-105 Phys & Environ Geol of the Grand Canyon (4 Credits)</strong><br/>(PN) Introduction to the science of the Earth and our environment through the study of materials and processes of rock formation, mountain-building, and erosion during an intensive 2-week summer sessions course. Week 1 is spent on campus, learning fundamentals of geology. Week 2 involves a trip to the Southwest and a 4-day rafting, camping, and hiking trip in the Grand Canyon. Students must be physically able to hike out of the Grand Canyon. This course is open only to incoming first-year students, and it precedes the fall semester. For more information, contact SusanWolf@augustana.edu. Gateway course to the Geology major.</p><p><strong>GEOL-112L Lab for 112 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-119 Open Water SCUBA (0 Credits)</strong><br/>For students participating in the Bonaire J-Term Program (GEOL-123 or GEOL-321) who desire a no-credit path toward PADI SCUBA certification. Priority given to participants of the Bonaire J-term program. Instructor permission required.</p><p><strong>GEOL-123 Caribbean Geology (4 Credits)</strong><br/>(PN) An introduction to the science of geology through study of the processes required for the formation of an island. A week of on-campus discussions of topics such as deep time, plate tectonics, volcano formation, biochemical, climatic, and anthropogenic influences on reef-building and destruction, erosion, and other rock cycle processes followed by two weeks of observation and testing of those concepts on the south central Caribbean island of Bonaire (Netherlands Lesser Antilles). Passing a basic swim/float test and having a valid passport are required. Gateway course to the geology major.</p><p><strong>GEOL-143 Economics & Geopolitics of Critical Mins (4 Credits)</strong><br/>(PN) This course is an introduction to the geoscience, economics and geopolitics of the materials that have shaped the course of human history, from obsidian blades, jade axes, bronze and iron alloy tools and weapons that enabled conquest and colonialism to minerals that form the foundation of our modern civilization, e.g., lithium, metals and rare earth element-bearing minerals that allow iPhones, solar PV panels, electric vehicles, and wind turbines to work. We will focus on the alternative &quot;Green Energy Revolution&quot; significantly influencing our lives by studying critical minerals, designated by a government as essential to energy technology and at risk of supply chain disruption. Includes a weekly 2-hour lab.</p><p><strong>GEOL-143L Lab for 143 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-199 Directed Study (1-2 Credits)</strong><br/>Study of a particular subject under a faculty member\'s direction. Prerequisite: consent of instructor and department chair.</p><p><strong>GEOL-201 History of Life (4 Credits)</strong><br/>(PN) Investigate the 4-billion-year interaction between shifting Earth systems and the biological evolution of life, from explosive diversifications to mass extinctions. By analyzing ancient crises as deep-time analogs, students apply themes of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation to understand our modern biodiversity crisis. Includes one weekly 2-hour lab examining specimens from the Fryxell Geology Museum Collections.</p><p><strong>GEOL-201L Lab for 201 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-205 Minerals & the Environment (4 Credits)</strong><br/>(PN) A nation\'s wealth and quality of life of its citizens are significantly determined by its control and extraction of mineral resources, but there is always a negative environmental consequence of resource extraction, transformation and use. In addition, our personal and environmental health is impacted not only by what we do with these mineral resources and their waste products but also where we happen to live, relative to certain potentially hazardous mineral deposits. In this course you will learn about minerals (the building blocks of our planet Earth) and then apply that chemical &amp; crystallographic knowledge to more deeply understand a wide variety of environmental issues (e.g., groundwater contamination, soil development and swelling clays, asbestos, silicosis, acid mine drainage, radon, mercury and lead poisoning.). Prerequisites: none. Includes a weely 2-hour lab.</p><p><strong>GEOL-205L Lab for 205 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-240 Structural Geology & Tectonics (4 Credits)</strong><br/>How do mountains form? This course studies how geologic materials are deformed through tectonic processes. It involves a descriptive analyses of 3-dimensional rock structures (e.g. faults, folds, and fabrics), and quantitative studies of strain and stress. Rock deformation and mountain-building processes are studied in the context of plate tectonics and regional geology. Includes one weekly 2-hour lab.  Prerequisite: One gateway course from GEOL-101, 105, or 123 or consent of instructor.</p><p><strong>GEOL-240L Lab for 240 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-299 Directed Study (1-2 Credits)</strong><br/>Study of a particular subject under a faculty member\'s direction. Prerequisite: consent of instructor and department chair.</p><p><strong>GEOL-309 Geomorph/Paleoclimate (4 Credits)</strong><br/>The study of landforms, the processes by which they are created, and implications for past climate fluctuations. Units include weathering, streams, glaciers, wind, Quaternary paleoclimatology, and Quaternary dating methods. Includes one weekly 2-hour lab and occasional field trips. Prerequisites: None, although a 100- level course in GEOL, GEOG, or ENVR is recommended.</p><p><strong>GEOL-309L Lab for 309 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-321 Island Geology (4 Credits)</strong><br/>Explore the co-evolution of geological, ecological, and human systems through an immersive field study of Bonaire\'s volcanic core, ancient carbonate platforms, and fringing reefs. By integrating SCUBA-based surveys with terrestrial observations, you will analyze how tectonic uplift and sea-level change interact with local history and modern conservation to shape reef resilience. Classroom concepts are brought to life through two weeks of intensive fieldwork, where students collect primary data to interpret the island\'s long-term environmental health.</p><p><strong>GEOL-322 Mojave Geology (4 Credits)</strong><br/>3+ week program travelling to the southern Mojave Desert to study the geology and develop standard geologic field skills. Students will learn to make observations and interpretations in the field, while using standard geological field equipment. Students will produce written reports of the geologic history as well as detailed geologic maps. Environmental justice issues of the southwest are studied and discussed.</p><p><strong>GEOL-325 Conservation Paleoecology (4 Credits)</strong><br/>Examine how fossil and historical records inform modern conservation challenges like biodiversity loss and habitat degradation in the Anthropocene. Through diverse case studies, students investigate geohistorical proxies to establish ecological baselines and guide restoration policy. Weekly 2-hour lab sessions utilize the R coding language to reproduce published analyses and develop sophisticated data visualization skills.</p><p><strong>GEOL-325L Lab for 325 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-330 Hydrogeology (4 Credits)</strong><br/>Fundamental study of the hydrologic cycle and groundwater, with broad relevance to environmental sciences. Units include surface hydrology, surface water/groundwater interactions, groundwater flow directions and rates, and groundwater chemistry. Concepts are reinforced through case studies of environmental groundwater problems, contamination, and methods of remediation. Includes one 2-hour lab per week. Prerequisites: None. Familiarity with stream processes and common rocks and minerals is recommended. Familiarity with math through pre-calculus is recommended.</p><p><strong>GEOL-330L Lab for 330 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-350 Sedimentology & Stratigraphy (4 Credits)</strong><br/>Discover the dynamic processes of sediment transport and deposition that shape Earth\'s surface in continental and marine environments. Here, you will develop practical skills in rock analysis and stratigraphic correlation to decipher the chronological sequence of geological events recorded in sedimentary strata. Weekly 2-hour laboratory exercises and field trips will allow you to apply skills learned in class in order to reconstruct past environments and discern patterns of global climate variation over time.</p><p><strong>GEOL-350L Lab for 350 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-360 Volcano Hazards & Mineral Resources (4 Credits)</strong><br/>Most of Earth\'s crust is associated with volcanic and hydrothermal processes; we will study why and where rocks melt, how magma rises to the surface, what controls the violence and geohazards of volcanic eruptions, resultant mass extinctions, and why so many economically valuable mineral resources form around volcanoes. We will answer these questions by studying petrology, petrography and phase diagrams.  No prerequisite required. Includes a weekly 2-hour lab, GEOL-360L, that must be taken concurrently, and a required weekend field trip.</p><p><strong>GEOL-360L Lab for 360 (0 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-370 Special Topics (1 Credits)</strong><br/>Seminar research and discussion of the regional and local geology of a departmental field trip destination. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: One gateway course from GEOL-101, 105, 106, 112, or 123, or consent of instructor.</p><p><strong>GEOL-373 Remote Sensing (4 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-380 Special Topics (4 Credits)</strong><br/>In-depth study of the regional and local geology of a J-term field trip destination. Variable format. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: One gateway course from GEOL-101, 105, 106, 112, or 123, or consent of instructor.</p><p><strong>GEOL-393 International Study Colloquium (3-4 Credits)</strong><br/></p><p><strong>GEOL-399 Directed Study (1-2 Credits)</strong><br/>Study of a particular subject under a faculty member\'s direction. As part of the minor, this study culminates in a research &amp; reflective paper. May be repeated for credit.  Prerequisite: consent of instructor and department chair.</p><p><strong>GEOL-400 Independent Study (1-2 Credits)</strong><br/>Study of a particular subject under a faculty member\'s direction. Prerequisite: consent of instructor and department chair.</p><p><strong>GEOL-450 Senior Inquiry 1 (2 Credits)</strong><br/>Planning and development of a research proposal involving literature research, group discussions and analytical instrumentation instruction in preparation for GEOL-451. Includes one three-hour lab per week.</p><p><strong>GEOL-451 Senior Inquiry 2 (2 Credits)</strong><br/>A required research project, performed under the direction of a faculty advisor, culminating in a written thesis and public oral presentations. Prerequisite: GEOL-450 or consent of department advisor.</p><p><strong>GEOL-452 Senior Inquiry 3 (0-2 Credits)</strong><br/>Taken during spring semester senior year, this directed research experience requires students to complete the research process, write up the results in a written thesis, and present their results formally to the Department of Geology, the campus as a whole (Celebration of Learning) and at a professional meeting (North Central Section of the Geological Society of America). In addition, students finish their ePortolios, which are a combination of personal reflection and materials related to their professional development in the geosciences.</p><p><strong>GEOL-499 Directed Study (1-2 Credits)</strong><br/>Study of a particular subject under a faculty member\'s direction. Prerequisite: consent of instructor and department chair.</p><p><strong>GEOL-ELEC Geology Elective (1-12 Credits)</strong><br/></p>');